SAP ABAP FAQs
What is the difference between Domain and Data Element?
Ans – Domain is used for the technical information of the table field such as field type and length. It is created through SE11->Domain.
Data Element – It is used not only the technical description but also the semantic information of the table field such as short description. It can be created through SE11->Data Type -> Data Element option.
What is Data Class in Transparent Table settings?
Ans – It depicts how the data is stored in the table and determines in which tablespace it is stored. It is assigned in the Technical settings of the table.
Classification
- APPL0 – Master Data. Data, which seldom changes.
- APPL1 – Transaction Data. It is the Data that is related to day-to-day activity and frequently updated.
- APPL2 – Organizational and Customizing Data. It is the data when the system is initialized.
What is a Table maintenance generator in Data Dictionary?
Ans – It is a tool for maintaining the table ie. Users can create, edit and delete the entries in the table.
It can be created by the following option.
SE11 -> When table is displayed -> Utilities menu -> Table maintenance generator.
Specify the following settings:.
- Authorization Group
- Function Group
- Assign the screen numbers for either one-step or two-step.
- Click on create button.
- Execute t-code SM30. Enter the table name and click on Maintain Button. Users can create entries for the table.
What are different types of views?
Ans – The different types of views are:
- Database View
- Projection View
- Maintenance View
- Help View
How to create Lock objects in Data Dictionary?
Ans – Lock objects can be created through SE11. It starts with ‘E’ like EZlock. You have to specify the Table Name and Lock Mode. Specify the Lock Parameter.
When Lock Object is activated, two-function module are created like ENQUEUE_<lockobjectname> and DEQUE
UE_<lockobjectname>. This Enqueue and Dequeue method is used to lock and unlock any object in SAP ABAP.
What are the events in the Reports?
Ans – ALV Download Report Events
- LOAD OF PROGRAM
- INITIALIZATION
- AT-SELECTON SCREEN
- AT-SELECTION SCREEN OUTPUT
- START-OF-SELECTION
- END-OF-SELECTION
- TOP-OF-PAGE
- END-OF-PAGE
Events associated with Interactive Reports are:
AT LINE-SELECTION
AT USER-COMMAND
AT PF<key>
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.
In which event of the report we can handle radio buttons?
Ans – AT-SELECTION SCREEN OUTPUT
How would you add the logo to ALV report?
Ans – Logo can be added in ALV Report by using FM
‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’.
What is the concept of CHAIN..ENDCHAIN?
Ans – This concept is basically used in the module pool. This is used to group the fields and used to carry out validations on multiple fields. This is used in PAI (Process After Input).
For eg:
CHAIN.
FIELD: s_field-ebeln, s_field-ebelp.
MODULE vdate_fields. "Validation contained in PAI module
ENDCHAIN.
What are the events in Module Pool?
Ans – Events in Module Pool are:
- PBO – Process Before Output
- PAI – Process After Input
- POV – Process on Value Request
- POH – Process on Help Request
Name the Tables of the MM module?
|
TABLE NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
|
MARA |
Material General Data |
|
MAKT |
Material Description |
|
MARC |
Plant Data for Material |
|
MARD |
Storage Location Data for Material |
|
MARM |
Units of Measure for Material |
|
MBEW |
Material Valuation |
|
MAST |
Material to BOM Link |
|
MCHA |
Batches |
|
MKPF |
Header: Material Document |
Name the Tables of SD module?
|
TABLE NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
|
VBAK |
Sales Document Header Data |
|
VBAP |
Sales Document: Item Data |
|
VBPA |
Partner |
|
VBKD |
Business Data |
|
LIKP |
Delivery: Header Data |
|
LIPS |
Delivery: Item Data |
|
VTTK |
Shipment Data: Header |
|
VTTP |
Shipment Data: Item |
|
VBRK |
Billing: Header Data |
|
VBRP |
Billing: Item Data |
|
VTPA |
Shipment Partners |
How can you debug a SAPScript form?
Ans – To Debug the Script form, follow the steps
SE71->Give the form name->Utilities->Activate Debugger
What is the difference between Table and Template in Smartforms?
Ans – The difference between Table and Template is that Table is dynamic in nature and Template is static in nature.
Explain the concept of BADIs?
Ans – BADI is called Business Add-in. There are two types of BADIs – Classical BADI and New BADI.
- BADI is reusable
- BADI can be implemented many times.
- BADI enables each party in software delivery chain to offer enhancements.
Components created when you define BADI as follows:
- Interface
- Generated Class
Explain the concept of User Exits?
Ans – User Exits are a type of system enhancement that was originally developed for Sales and Distribution (SD) component. The original purpose was to avoid Modification Adjustment by the user.
It is a modification, as it requires you to change objects in SAP namespace. It creates a special include in module pool. Naming convention of the user exit is: USEREXIT_<NAME>.
After delivering, SAP never altes includes created in this manner. If new user exits have to be delivered in new release, they are put in new include program.
Explain about Explicit Enhancement and Implicit Enhancement?
Ans – Explicit Enhancement – It is the type of enhancement in which there is some pre-preparation done by SAP.
There are 3 components in this enhancement.
- ENHANCEMENT-POINT
- ENHANCEMENT-SECTION
- ENHANCEMENT-SPOT
Explicit Enhancement can be implemented getting into the Enhancement Mode by clicking the spiral button -> Right click into the enhancement point you plan to implement and select Enhancement Implementation->Create. You will be asked a name of the implementation and a description and after that you can add your code.
Implicit Enhancement – It is the type of enhancement in which there is no pre-preparation done by SAP.
You can start this enhancement from anywhere. It can at the start of code, end of code, Start of function module, End of function module.
You can see what are available by going into editor and go to edit -> Enhancement Operations -> Show Implicit Enhancement Option.
Is it necessary for Main Window in Smartforms?
Ans – It is not necessary - Main Window in Smartforms.
Is it necessary for Main Window in SAPScript?
Ans – It is necessary - Main Window in SAPScript.
Which Function Module is used to get name of function module when smartform is activated?
Ans - SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME – When the SMARTFORM is activated, this function module is used to get the function module generated automatically by the smartform.
How would you convert smartform output to PDF format?
Ans –
- Function Module CONVERT_OTF is used to convert the OTF format to PDF
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_OTF'
EXPORTING
FORMAT = 'PDF'
MAX_LINEWIDTH = 132
IMPORTING
BIN_FILESIZE = W_bin_filesize
TABLES
otf = T_OTF
lines = T_pdf_tab
EXCEPTIONS
ERR_MAX_LINEWIDTH = 1
ERR_FORMAT = 2
ERR_CONV_NOT_POSSIBLE = 3
ERR_BAD_OTF = 4
OTHERS = 5.
- To display File SAVE dialog window
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_save_dialog
- Use the FM GUI_DOWNLOAD to download the generated PDF file onto the
presentation server.
Explain the program flow of BADI?
Program flow of BADI is:
- First, define the BADI with the help of transaction code SE18
- Then declare the objects, classes, and methods.
- Then with the help of t-code SE19 Implement BADI
- At last, defining the Classes and methods as per as requirements of the end-user.
In which table the material master data is stored?
MARA and MARC are the tables from where you can get the data for Material Master.
Which commands are used for interactive reports?
The following commands can be used in interactive reporting:
- HIDE can be used in order to create an array of all hidden variables.
- SY-LSIND = LIST INDEX,
- SY-LILLI = LINE NO.
When will we go for call transaction and when we will go for a session in BDC?
- Call Transaction can be used when the DATA is minimal.
- Sessions can be used to handle mass DATA or Voluminous DATA.
When the get cursor command used in interactive lists?
When the hidden information is not sufficient to uniquely identify the selected line, then the command GET CURSOR is used. The GET CURSOR command returns the name of the field at the cursor position in a field specified after the additional field, and the value of the selected field in a field specified after the value.
What is a method in ABAP?
Methods describe the functions of classes in ABAP objects. We can call methods using the call method statement.methods are introduced with the method statement & concluded with the end method statement.methods can only be defined in the implementation parts of classes.
How to copy table across clients?
Use Program RSCLTCOP
Which are the various Events in Application Server?
The various events in Application Server are:
- OPEN DATA SET
- READ DATA SET
- CLOSE DATA SET.
What is the role of ‘Refresh’ in the Internal Table?
'Refresh' is the keyword that is used to clear the contents of a body in an internal table.
How to find output type?
Use table Table TNAPR / NAST in order to find the output type.
State the system field for the current date?
SY-DATUM
What is the keyword used to eliminate the leading zeros of a number field?
Use keyword 'NO-ZERO'.
Which are the various Events in Dialog Programs?
The various events in Dialog Programming are:
- PBO-Process Before Output
- PAI-Process AFter Input
- POH-Process on Help Request
- POV-Process on Value Request
How to find the attributes of a data object or data type?
DESCRIBE FIELD [LENGTH ] [TYPE [COMPONENTS ]] [OUTPUT-LENGTH ] [DECIMALS ] [EDIT MASK ].
How can we read selected lines of a database table into an internal table in packages of predefined size?
SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE PACKAGE SIZE .
where 'n' is variable.
Name the WILDCARD characters which can be used for comparing with character strings & numeric strings.
'%' and '_'.
How can we determine the table to which a field belong to by knowing only field name?
Please follow the steps below:
- First, use t-code SE84
- Then navigate to R/3 Repository -> ABAP Dictionary -> Fields -> Table Fields
- Now insert the field name and execute...
- A list of table where the field is used is will be shown.
DATA DICTIONARY
What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.
What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
How many types of size categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
- APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
- APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
- APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
- USR
- USR1 – Intended for customer's own developments.
What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.
What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
How can we access the correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
Which objects are independent transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.
How is the conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & the external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.
How can we set the tablespaces and extent sizes?
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
What is the function of the correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport-related objects as a unit.
In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/F).
True.
ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.
A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain?
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary)?
By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to
- Optimize storage space requirements.
- Table access behavior.
- Buffering required.
- Changes to entries logged.
What is a Table attribute?
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
- Delivery class.
- Table maintenance allowed.
- Activation type.
What is the significance of Delivery Class?
- The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
- Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
- Determines the table type.
- Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
What is the max. no. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.
Nine.
What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
- Append Structures and
- Customizing Includes.
What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?
- In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement include….
- In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.
To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.
One.
If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables?
No.
What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
- By specifying fixed values.
- By stipulating a value table.
Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F)
True.
What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
- Views
- Match Code.
- Lock Object.
The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (T/F)
True.
What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
• Match Code Object.
• Match Code Id.
What is the max no of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.
Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Matchcodes?
Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined Matchcode object.
What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.
Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types?
Yes.
What are the update types possible?
The following update types are possible:
- Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
- Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
- Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
- Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
- Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.
What are the two different ways of building a match code object?
A match code can be built in two different ways:
- Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, k).
- Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P).
What are the differences between a Database index and a match code?
- Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
- Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.
What is the function of a Domain?
- A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.
- A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
- A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.
Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?
No.
What are conversion routines?
- Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so-called conversion routines.
What is the function of a data element?
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.
No.
Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
What is a view?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.
How many types of Views are there?
- Database View
- Help View
- Projection View
- Maintenance View
What is Locking?
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized by a lock mechanism.
What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
What are the basic functions of Database utility?
The basic functions of database utility are:
- Create database objects.
- Delete database objects.
- Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.
What is Repository Info. Systems?
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.
REPORT GENERATION – FORMATTING
The alignment of a type 'c' field in a report is left Aligned.
In the statement Write:/15(10) Ofal-lifnr. what do the numbers 15 and 10 stand for15 stand for the offset on the screen and 10 stand for the field length displayed?
Specify the default alignment for the following field types:
'D' – Left, 'F'-Right, 'N'-Left, 'I'-Right, 'T'-Left.
If s_time has the value '123456' how would you get an output of 12:34:56 with a single 'Write:' statement.
Write:s_time using edit mask'--:--:--'.
In order to suppress the leading zeroes of a number field the keywords used are NO-ZERO.
The total no of date formats that can be used to display a date during output is MM/DD/YY, DD/MM/YY, DD/MM/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MMDDYY, DDMMYY, YYMMDD.
The UNDER Command allows for vertical alignment of fields one below the other.
In order to concatenate strings only for output purposes the command NO-GAP can be used in conjunction with the 'Write' statement.
The no of decimal places for output can be defines within a write statement. (T/F).
TRUE. Write:/<f> decimals 2.
Data can be moved from one field to another using a 'Write:' Statement and stored in the desired format. (T/F).
TRUE. Write: Date_1 to Date_2 format DD/MM/YY.
In the statement Write:/15(10) lfa1-lifnr. The values 15 and 11 can also be defined by variables (T/F).
False.
Differentiate between the following two statements if any.
ULINE.
Write: sy-uline.
No-difference. Except that uline is used outside the 'Write' Statement.
In order to skip a single line the number of lines need not be given as an assignment (T/F)
TRUE.
The "SKIP TO LINE line number" is dependent on the LINE-COUNT statement included in the report statement of the program.
In order to skip columns the command used is POSITION <n>.
In order to have boldfaced text as output the command used is Write:<f>INTENSIFIED.
Background and foreground colors can be interchanged using the command Format Inverse.
In order to restore the system defaults for all changes made with the format statement is Format Reset.
Like ULINE the statement VLINE is used to insert vertical lines. (T/F).
False.
Suppressing the number signs (+/-) is carried out using the addition NO-SIGNS to the Write statement. (T/F).
False.
If SY-UZEIT has the value 6:34:45 it can be displayed as 063445 using No Edit Mask.
If the variable "Text" has the value 'ABCDEF' the output for the statement "Write:/Text+2(3)" will be "CDE"
The fields specified by select-options and parameters statement cannot be grouped together in the selection screen. (T/F).
False.
When calling an external report the parameters or select-options specified in the external report cannot be called. (T/F)
FALSE.
Selection Texts in the text elements of the program helps in changing the displayed names of variables in the parameters statement.
Type F datatype cannot be used to define parameters.
Rounding off of values can be carried out using the write statement. (T/F).
TRUE
How would you define the exponents for a type 'f' field?
Exponent <e>.
How would you format the output as left, centered or right-justified using the write statement.
Left-justified, Centered, Right-justified.
If the same formatting options were used for a WRITE statement that follows the FORMAT statement, which settings would take precedence.
The settings in the Write Statement.
For each new event, the system resets all formatting options to their default values (T/F)
TRUE.
All formatting options have the default value OFF. (T/F).
TRUE.
How would you set the formatting options statically and dynamically within a report? Statically: FORMAT <option1>[ON|OFF]….</option1>
Dynamically: FORMAT <option1> = <var1> <option2>=<var2>….
The page footer is defined using the statement END-OF-PAGE.
The processing block following END-OF-PAGE is processed only if you reserve lines for the footer in the LINE-COUNT option of the REPORT statement. (T/F)
TRUE.
To execute a page break under the condition that less than a certain number of lines is left on a page is achieved by RESERVE n lines.
The RESERVE statement only takes effect if output is written to the subsequent page. No blank pages are created and it defines a block of lines that must be output as a whole. (T/F).
TRUE.
To set the next output line to the first line of a block of lines defined with the RESERVE statement the statement BACK is used.
What is the limit for the length of a page if the page length is not specified in the report statement.
60,000 lines.
How would you start the printing process from within the program while creating a list?
NEW-PAGE PRINT ON.
You can change the width of pages within list levels triggered by page breaks. (T/F).
FALSE.
Hotspots are special areas of an output list used to trigger events. (T/F).
TRUE.
To designate fields as hotspots at runtime, use FORMAT HOTSPOT = <h>.
Horizontal lines created with ULINE and blank lines created with SKIP can be formatted as hotspots. (T/F).
FALSE.
How would you suppress the display of a parameter on the selection screen?
Parameters <p> ………..No-Display.
Can you assign a matchcode object to a parameter? If so how?
Yes. PARAMETERS <p>……..MATCHCODE OBJECT <obj>……..
For each SELECT-OPTIONS statement, the system creates a selection table. (T/F)
TRUE.
To position a set of parameters or comments on a single line on the selection screen, you must declare the elements in a block enclosed by
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
……..
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
How can Symbols or R/3 icons be output on the screen?
WRITE <symbol-name> AS SYMBOL.
WRITE <icon-name> AS ICON.
In the standard setting, you cannot create empty lines with the WRITE statement alone. (T/F).
TRUE.
REPORTING – GENERAL
The system field, which indicates success or failure of a SQL operation, is SY-SUBRC.
What is the syntax for specifying database table name at runtime in SELECT statement.
NAME = 'SPFL1'.
SELECT * FROM (NAME).
……………….
……………….
ENDSELECT.
How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of predefined size.
SELECT * FROM <SPFLI>INTO TABLE <ITAB>PACKAGE SIZE<N>
Where n is variable.
Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisons with character strings & numeric strings. '%' and '-'.
In SELECT statements can you specify a variable in WHERE condition or a part of the condition, if so what is the syntax.
SELECT * FROM <table>WHERE <var1><condition><var or const>
Name the ABAP/4 key words, which are used to change the contents of database table.
UPDATE or MODIFY.
How to specify a client for database table processing.
TABLES SPFLI.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED WHERE MANDT BETWEEN '001' AND '003'.
……..
ENDSELECT.
How do you write a DATA object from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4 memory and restore the same from memory to program.
EXPORT <f1> [FROM <g1>] <f2> [FROM <g2>] ... TO MEMORY ID <key>.
The ID <key>, which can be up to 32 characters long, identifies the data in memory.
What are DATA CLUSTERS?
You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data clusters and store them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in databases. You can store data clusters in special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary. These databases are known as ABAP/4 cluster databases and have a predefined structure. Storing a data cluster is specific to ABAP/4. Although you can also access cluster databases using SQL statements, only ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the structure of the stored data cluster.
Statements used to delete data objects in ABAP/4 memory FREE MEMORY [ID <key>].
How will you create a file on application server.
Open dataset <dsn> for output.
ABAP/4 statement for opening a file on application server for reading Open dataset <dsn> for input.
How will you transfer data into a file in application server?</dsn>
Data fname(60) value 'mYFILE'.
Data num type i.
Open dataset fname for output.
Do 10 times.
Num = Num +1.
Transfer num to fname.
Enddo.
…….etc.
Name the function modules to write data from an Internal Table to the Presentation Server.
DOWNLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.
Name the function module that can be used to give information about files on Presentation Server and about its Operating System.
WS_QUERY.
Name the ABAP/4 key word, which is used to clear the Headerline of an Internal Table.
CLEAR
<itab> .
Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table.
UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD.
Name the ABAP/4 keywords to initialize an Internal Table with and without headerline.
REFRESH <itab>.
How to determine the attributes of an internal table?
DESCRIBE TABLE <itab>[LINES <lin>] [OCCURS <occ>].
Name the ABAP/4 key word for searching a string in an Internal Table.
SEARCH <itab> FOR <str> <options>.
The different options ( <options>) for the search in an internal table are:
ABBREVIATED
Searches table<itab>for a word containing the character string specified in <str>, where other characters might separate the characters. The first letter of the word and the string <str> must be the same.
STARTING AT <lin1>
Searches table<itab> for <str>, starting at line <line1>. <lin1> can be a variable.
ENDING AT<n2>
Searches table <itab>for <str>upto line <lin2>. <lin2>can be a variable.
AND MARK
If the search string is found, all the characters in the search string (and all the characters in between when using ABBREVIATED) are converted to upper case.
What are the different attributes that can be assigned to a variant?
The different attributes that can be assigned to a variant are….
Description
Enter a short, meaningful description of the variant. This may be upto 30 characters long.
Background only
Specify whether you want to use the variant in background processing only, or in online environment as well.
Protected variant.
Mark the field if you want to protect your variant against being changed by other users.
Do not display variant.
Mark this field if you want the variant name to be displayed in the catalog only, but not in the F4 value list.
For the selections you cover in a variant, you can enter the following attributes:
Type
The system displays whether the field is a parameter or a select option.
Protected
Mark this field for each field on the selection screen you want to protect from being overwritten. Values that you mark this way are displayed to the users, but they cannot change them, that are they are not ready to accept input.
Invisible
If you mark this column, the system will not display the corresponding field on the selection screen the user sees when starting the report program.
Variable
Mark this column if you want to set the value for this field at runtime.
Data types can be elementary or structured (T/F).
TRUE.
The amount of memory associated with a data type is ZERO.
Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. (T/F).
TRUE.
The data object does not occupy any space in memory. (T/F)
FALSE.
What are the three hierarchical levels of data types and objects?
Program-independent data, defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
Internal data used globally in one program.
Data used locally in a procedure (subroutine, function module)
How would you find the attributes of a data type or data object?
DESCRIBE FIELD <f> [LENGTH <l>] [TYPE <t> [COMPONENTS <n>]]
[OUTPUT-LENGTH <o>] [DECIMALS <d>]
[EDIT MASK <m>].
CONTROLS <ctrl> TYPE TABLEVIEW USING SCREEN <scr>
.
Differentiate between static and dynamic step loops.
Step loops fall into two classes: Static and Dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen you can define any number of static step loops but only a single dynamic one.
What are the two ways of producing a list within a transaction?
By submitting a separate report.
By using leave to list-processing.
What is the use of the statement Leave to List-processing?
Leave to List-processing statement is used to produce a list from a module pool. Leave to list processing statement allows to switch from dialog-mode to list-mode within a dialog program.
When will the current screen processing terminates?
A current screen processing terminates when control reaches either a Leave-screen or the end of PAI.
How the transaction that are programmed by the user can be protected?
By implementing an authority check.
What are the modes in which any update tasks work?
Synchronous and Asynchronous.
What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous updates?
A program asks the system to perform a certain task, and then either waits or doesn't wait for the task to finish. In synchronous processing, the program waits: control returns to the program only when the task has been completed. In asynchronous processing, the program does not wait: the system returns control after merely logging the request for execution.
SAP system configuration incluedes Dialog tasks and Update tasks.
Dialog-task updates are Synchronous updates.
Update –task updates are Asynchronous updates.
What is the difference between Commit-work and Rollback-Work tasks?
Commit-Work statement "performs" many functions relevant to synchronized execution of tasks. Rollback-work statement "cancels: all reuests relevant to synchronized execution of tasks.
What are the different database integrities?
- Semantic Integrity.
- Relational Integrity.
- Primary Key Integrity.
- Value Set Integrity.
- Foreign Key integrity and
- Operational integrity.
All SAP Databases are Relational Databases.
What is SAP locking?
It is a mechanism for defining and applying logical locks to database objects.
What does a lock object involve?
The tables.
The lock argument.
What are the different kinds of lock modes?
Shared lock
Exclusive lock.
Extended exclusive list.
How can a lock object be called in the transaction?
By calling Enqueuelocklock objectlock and Dequeuelocklock objectlock in the transaction.
What are the events by which we can program "help texts" and display "possible value lists"?
-PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH).
-PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST (POV).
What is a matchcode?
A matchcode is an aid to finding records stored in the system whenever an object key is required in an input field but the user only knows other (non-key) information about the object.
In what ways we can get the context-sensitive F1 help on a field?
- Data element documentation.
- Data element additional text in screen painter.
- Using the process on help request event.
Does the external program run in the same SAP LUW as the caller, or in a separate one?
- Transactions run with a separate SAP LUW
- Reports run with a separate SAP LUW.
- Dialog modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller
- Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller.
The only exceptions to the above rules are function modules called with IN UPDATE TASK (V2 function only) or IN BACKGROUND TASK (ALE applications). These always run in their own (separate) update transactions.
What are function modules?
Function modules are general-purpose library routines that are available system-wide.
What are the types of parameters in the function modules?
In general, function module can have four types of parameters:
- EXPORTING: for passing data to the called function.
- IMPORTING: for receiving data returned from the function module.
- TABLES: for passing internal tables only, by reference (that is, by address).
- CHANGING: for passing parameters to and from the function.
What is the difference between Leave Transaction and Call Transaction?
In contrast to LEAVE TO TRANSACTION, the CALL TRANSACTION statement causes the system to start a new SAP LUW. This second SAP LUW runs parallel to the SAP LUW for the calling transaction.
How can we pass selection and parameter data to a report?
There are three options for passing selection and parameter data to the report.
- Using SUBMIT…WITH
- Using a report variant.
- Using a range table.
How to send a report to the printer instead of displaying it on the screen?
We can send a report to the printer instead of diplaying it on the screen. To do this, use the keywords TO SAP-SPOOL:
SUBMIT RSFLFIND…TO SAP-SPOOL DESTINATION 'LT50'.
How can we send data to external programs?
Using SPA/GPA parameters(SAP memory).
Using EXPORT/IMPORT data (ABAP/4 memory)
What are SPA/GPA parameters (SAP memory)
SPA/GPA parameters are field values saved globally in memory. There are two ways to use SPA/GPA parmeters:
By setting field attributes in the Screen Painter.
By using the SET PARAMETER or GET PARAMETER statements.
BDC
What is full form of BDC Session?
Batch Data Communication Session.
What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM 􀃆 STATUS command from any menu.
How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name 'BDC_OKCODE' and field value of '/11'.
What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a field value of '/11'.
What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).
Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of database field from screen.
Fval CHAR (80) Value to submit to field.
Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by SAP.
Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
What is the syntax for 'CALL TRANSACTION'?
CALL TRANSACTION trans [ using bdctab MODE mode ].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
- A - Show all screens.
- E - Show only screens with errors.
- N - Show no screens.
In BDC, list down all the functional modules which are used in sequence?
By using BDC programming, there are 3 functional modules which are used in sequence for performing data transfer successfully. These are listed below:
- BDC_OPEN_GROUP
- BDC_INSERT
- BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
List all the different the components of SAPscript?
The various components of the SAPScripts are as follows:
- ABAP Print program
- Layout set
- Symbols
- SAPscript Text,
- Function modules such as open_form, close_From, Read_text etc.
What is Badi?
Business Add-In or BADI is referred to as a new SAP Object Oriented enhancement technique which is utilized for adding our own business functionality to the already pre-existing SAP standard functionality. BADI can also be inserted into the SAP System meant for accommodating the user requirements and these are very precise to be included in the standard delivery.
How would you describe the internal tables?
Internal tables are meant for serving the purpose of pulling the data from a fixed structure and preserving it in the working memory in ABAP. The data is preserved line by line in memory, and each line encompasses similar structure, and these data objects are all dynamic.
What is a Data Class?
Data classes have been categorized into the following classes:
- System Data: The data is utilized by R/3 system itself
- Master Data: The data here class seldom changes
- Organization Data: The data here is customized and is entered into the system once the system is configured, and is very rarely altered.
- Transaction Data: The data can be changed frequently in this class
How can we format the data prior to the write statement in the report?
The user can format the report output by using the loop event.
- .at first
- .at new
- .at last
Can the user create an ABAP program without using Y or Z?
All non Y or Z programs are standard SAP programs, therefore the user cannot create an ABAP program without using Y or Z.
What is a foreign key relationship?
A foreign key relationship can be referred to a relationship that can be defined between tables and should be clearly defined at field level. Foreign keys are utilized for ensuring consistency of data. The Data entered must be verified against existing data in order to clear out any contradiction. It must be ensured that while defining foreign key relationship cardinality should be very clearly specified.
Note: Cardinality lists the number of dependent records or how referenced records are achievable.
What are various types of ABAP report in SAP?
There are 7 types ABAP report in SAP are present in reports attributes screen. These are all listed below:
- Executable program.
- Interface pool.
- Function groups.
- Include.
- Class pool.
- Module pool.
- Subroutine pool.
List the various steps involved for adding value help for the parameter in ABAP CDS Analytical Query?
- First, create an ABAP CDS view for dictionary based on any dummy table
- Then create an ABAP CDS cube with required logic
- Now Creating an ABAP CDS analytical query with the required logic
- At last result query in Analysis for Excel. Value help button exist
What is Predictive Search Helps?
An ABAP search provides type-ahead functionality primarily for the elementary search helps and are known as Predictive Search Helps.
How can the user add subtotal text in ABAP ALV Grid?
Listed below are the steps for adding the subtotal in the ABAP ALV grid:
- By Creating an ABAP Program in SE38 transaction.
- Create and ALV report by using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
- Populate the SUBTOTAL_EVENT in IT_EVENTS parameter in the REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
List the benefits of using ABAP in eclipse over ABAP in SAP GUI?
There are various advantages of utilizing ABAP in IDE eclipse over ABAP editor:
- The user can create CDS views and AMDP's which ultimately push down the code to database level and help in speedy access to records.
- All the CDS views created in IDE are available in SE11 and user can utilize them in your programs in SE38.
- User can make modifications in their program while debugging and activating your program while in debug mode and user can then proceed with debug along with the new changes.
- User can create multiple projects and create your stuff inside it.
- In WEB IDE, the User has the advantage of using advanced SQL.
Distinguish between READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH KEY and READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH TABLE KEY in SAP ABAP?
READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH KEY
For all table types, the search is linear. The runtime is in linear relation to the number of table lines.
READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH TABLE KEY
Listed below are the system searches for the relevant table types:
- Standard tables: It is a linear search, where the runtime is in linear relation with the number of table entries.
- Sorted tables: it is binary search where the runtime is in logarithmic relation to the number of table entries.
- Hashed tables: By using the hash algorithm of the internal table, the entry is found. The runtime is completely independent of the number of table entries.
Define field symbols in ABAP?
Field symbol points (known as pointers in C language) to something. That could be a table, a field or simply nothing. By nothing, I am referring to that structure of a field symbol which can be dynamically determined. A field symbol can be utilized in any operand position in this is visible and also matches the typing defined utilizing typing.
How many ABAP report types in SAP are available in reports attributes screen?
There are 7 ABAP report types available in SAP in the reports attributes screen.
- Class pool
- Function group (containing function modules)
- Executable program.
- Interface pool
- Include Interface pool
- Module pool
- Subroutine pool
What is an ABAP/4 Query in SAP?
ABAP/4 Query is a very strong tool which is used for generating simple reports without any coding. The following 3 simple reports can be generated:
- Basic List: This is the simple reports.
- Statistics: entails reports with statistical functions such as percentages, Averages.
- Ranked Lists: For analytical reports.
How can the user create ABAP/4 Query in SAP?
For creating an ABAP/4 Query, the programmer should create a user and a functional group. The functional group can be created by using with or without logical database table. Finally, assigning the user group to functional group. Finally, creating a query on the functional group generated.
What is the difference between se16 and table maintenance generator?
SE16 is a data browser and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the SE16.
Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) is a tool which is created using t-code SM30. TMG is used to create a equipment by which customized tables created by end users can be changed as required, such as making an entry to that table, deleting an entry etc.
How should the user tick an option in Standard Tcode like LB10 along with 'Partially Delivered'?
In case there is no additional condition meant for checking the 'Partially Delivery' checkbox, the user can then select the 'Partially Delivery' checkbox by using Transaction variant in SHD0 transaction.
Once the transaction variant has been created, then activating the variant and checking the LB10 transaction.
How can the user SUBMIT PROGRAM with Selection Screen For a SLIN T-code?
User can utilize the FM EXTENDED_PROGRAM_CHECK instead of SUBMIT REPORT. This will provide you similar results.
I am required to update equipment status as inactive & delete. So I am using function module STATUS_CHANGE_INTERN_VB & this is working fine, however, it doesn’t have exceptions for handling the error messages & even sy-subrc getting 0 if it fails also. Would request you to please suggest me how to handle this scenario? Is there any BAPI to update status in IE02?
This FM is an ‘update task’ FM, generally Open-SQL statements, not much check, so no to be called in customer development.
The best solution would be a BAPI (this is easy to find with any search tool) and when none is available or without required parameter some ‘dialog’ FM like STATUS_CHANGE_INTERN/EXTERN after analyzing the application behaviour and if BDC is also no longer suitable.
In ABAP can the user write select * in the loop?
This is not recommended, as it will cause a major performance issue. It will run the query every time it loops and you are using “Select * …” which means you are fetching all fields of that table, assuming if tables have millions of entries then in every iteration, your select query will go around millions of records in the table. Therefore, it could lead to serious performance issues.
Instead of this, it is advised that you use 'For all entries…' the statement, it will fulfil your requirement.
What is the difference between a singleton and a static class ABAP?
A singleton is a design pattern where the class is required to create objects. The class ensures that only one object exists for every internal session which is available to consumers. Therefore, when you create a singleton class it does not allow you to create multiple instances of the class, instead, a single instance will be created which behaves as a global access point to reference that class throughout the lifetime of the application component.
A class which only contains static components and no instance components is known as a static class. The user can directly access the components using the “=>” operator. A global static class is loaded once with its class pool into the current internal session. Like every ABAP program, it cannot be clearly deleted from the session. In subclasses, the static methods (declared using CLASS-METHODS) of a class cannot be redefined.
What are the two methods to declare input field as mandatory?
Two ways:
1.parameter: abc type xyz obligatory.
2.check:
if abc is initial.
message 'field abc is mandatory' type 'E'.
endif.
I have 100 records in a table, how can I simultaneously Delete the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th......records, write a code for it
loop at lt_tab into lw_tab.
lv_var = 0.
lv_var = lv_var + 1.
lv_var1 = lv_var mod 5.
if lv_var1 = 0.
"do nothing
else.
append lw_tab to lt_tab1.
endif.
clear: lv_var1, lw_tab.
endloop.
What is the use "Condense" keyword in ABAP?
Using condense keyword in string all consecutive blank spaces are converted into a single space.